{"id":2919,"date":"2022-05-25T23:00:54","date_gmt":"2022-05-25T23:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mundanopedia.com\/?p=2919"},"modified":"2024-02-03T20:25:58","modified_gmt":"2024-02-03T20:25:58","slug":"mercado-de-divisas-forex","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mundanopedia.com\/es\/economia\/macroeconomia\/mercado-de-divisas-forex\/","title":{"rendered":"Mercado de Divisas o Forex: Qu\u00e9 es y C\u00f3mo Funciona"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2919\" class=\"elementor elementor-2919\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-706243f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"706243f0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">El mercado de divisas o FOREX: Qu\u00e9 es y c\u00f3mo funciona<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b02fac7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b02fac7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>El mercado de divisas o FOREX<\/strong><\/h2><p>El mercado de divisas, tambi\u00e9n conocido como FOREX (abreviatura de Foreign Exchange) o Currency Market, es un mercado mundial descentralizado donde se negocian las divisas.<\/p><p>El mercado de divisas, desde el punto de vista <a href=\"https:\/\/mundanopedia.com\/economia\/microeconomia\/economia-concepto-problemas-fundamentales\/\">econ\u00f3mico<\/a>, es un mercado interno en donde la oferta y demanda de monedas diferentes a la del pa\u00eds en cuesti\u00f3n interact\u00faan y se determina el tipo de cambio entre las diferentes monedas extranjeras y la moneda nacional.<\/p><p>Es el mercado en donde la <a href=\"https:\/\/mundanopedia.com\/economia\/macroeconomia\/el-dinero\/\">moneda<\/a> de un pa\u00eds se intercambia por la de otro y est\u00e1 compuesto por miles de personas, instituciones, importadores, exportadores, bancos y especialistas en compraventa de divisas llamados cambistas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea7fd67 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"ea7fd67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;h5&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No se ha encontrado ning\\u00fan encabezado en esta p\\u00e1gina.&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\u00edndice\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__ea7fd67\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Abrir la tabla de contenidos\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__ea7fd67\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Cerrar la tabla de contenidos\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__ea7fd67\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1a4202 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1a4202\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>T\u00e9rminos fundamentales del mercado de divisas\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2><p>El mercado de divisas tiene tres t\u00e9rminos fundamentales:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Tipo de cambio. <\/strong>Es el precio que se debe pagar para adquirir una moneda extranjera, las unidades de monedas dom\u00e9sticas que se necesitan para adquirir una unidad de moneda extranjera. Por ejemplo, para la fecha del abril del 2022, se necesitan 4,44 bol\u00edvares para adquirir un d\u00f3lar seg\u00fan el <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bcv.org.ve\/\">Banco Central de Venezuela.<\/a><\/li><li><strong>Depreciaci\u00f3n. <\/strong>Es la p\u00e9rdida de valor de una moneda respecto a otra, por ejemplo, el tipo de cambio pasa de 4.44 bol\u00edvares por d\u00f3lar a 5 bol\u00edvares por d\u00f3lar.<\/li><li><strong>Apreciaci\u00f3n. <\/strong>La apreciaci\u00f3n es el aumento de valor de la moneda, es lo contrario a la depreciaci\u00f3n. Por ejemplo, el tipo de cambio pasa de 5 bol\u00edvares por d\u00f3lar a 4 bol\u00edvares por d\u00f3lar.<\/li><\/ul><h2><strong>La demanda de divisas<\/strong><\/h2><p>La<a href=\"http:\/\/mundanopedia.com\/es\/economia\/microeconomia\/ley-de-demanda\/\"> demanda<\/a> de divisas es la cantidad de moneda extranjera que se desea y es una demanda derivada porque las desean no por el solo hecho de tenerlas, sino porque con ellas puede comprar bienes y servicios del exterior, o activos como cuentas bancarias, acciones, negocios, etc.<\/p><p>Es lo que suele ocurrir con los d\u00f3lares porque existe la demanda de bienes y servicios de Estados Unidos y otros pa\u00edses del primer mundo.<\/p><h3><strong>Cambio en la demanda de divisas<\/strong><\/h3><p>Un cambio en cualquier un factor que influye sobre la cantidad de divisas que la gente quiere, afecta la demanda de estas y desplaza la curva correspondiente, la demanda puede aumentar disminuir por los siguientes motivos:<\/p><ol><li><h4><strong> El tipo de cambio<\/strong><\/h4><\/li><\/ol><p>El tipo de cambio influye sobre la cantidad demandada de divisas porque la ley de la demanda tambi\u00e9n aplica en este caso, es decir, mientras m\u00e1s alto sea el tipo de cambio, menor cantidad se demandar\u00e1 de una divisa, esto se manifiesta de dos maneras:<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <strong>1.1<\/strong> <strong>El efecto importaciones.<\/strong> Mientras m\u00e1s se importe, m\u00e1s divisas se demandar\u00e1n, a su vez, mientras mayor sea el tipo de cambio, con todo lo dem\u00e1s igual, m\u00e1s caro ser\u00e1 importar bienes y servicios desde el exterior y por ese motivo menos querr\u00e1n esas divisas, por el contrario, si el tipo de cambio es menor, la demanda de divisas aumenta.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<strong>1.2 Efecto de beneficio esperado.<\/strong> Cuanto mayor sea el beneficio esperado de mantener una divisa, mayor ser\u00e1 la cantidad demandada de esa divisa y eso depende del tipo de cambio, porque cuanto m\u00e1s bajo sea el precio a pagar por ella, manteni\u00e9ndose lo dem\u00e1s constante, el beneficio esperado de comprar divisas ser\u00e1 mayor.<\/p><p>Por ejemplo, cuando se compran d\u00f3lares con la esperanza de que el precio de estos va a subir, la persona lo mantiene esperando un beneficio en el futuro.<\/p><p>Igualmente, cuando el d\u00f3lar baja, las personas lo compran esperando que vuelva a subir para venderlo. Una vez m\u00e1s, y c\u00f3mo se evidencia en lo que se explic\u00f3 anteriormente, con otras cosas constantes, cuando el tipo de cambio sube, la cantidad demandada disminuye, cuando el tipo de cambio baja, la cantidad demandada de divisas aumenta.<\/p><p>Ver tambi\u00e9n: <a href=\"http:\/\/mundanopedia.com\/es\/economia\/microeconomia\/ley-de-demanda\/\">Ley de la demanda<\/a><\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li><h4><strong> La tasa de inter\u00e9s dom\u00e9stica y del exterior<\/strong><\/h4><\/li><\/ol><p>Las personas naturales y jur\u00eddicas compran activos financieros para obtener una ganancia, mientras mayor sea la tasa inter\u00e9s de los activos en el exterior en comparaci\u00f3n con la tasa de inter\u00e9s de activos dom\u00e9sticos, mayor ser\u00e1 de demanda de activos en el exterior, aqu\u00ed lo que importa es la diferencia entre la tasa de inter\u00e9s del exterior y la dom\u00e9stica.<\/p><ol start=\"3\"><li><h4><strong> El tipo de cambio futuro esperado<\/strong><\/h4><\/li><\/ol><p>Con otras cosas constantes, mientras mayor sea el tipo de cambio que se espera en el futuro, la demanda de divisas ser\u00e1 mayor, porque esto implica una ganancia en el futuro.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e09322 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2e09322\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0de96f\" data-id=\"c0de96f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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